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}} ''End of the Century'' is the fifth studio album by the American punk rock band the Ramones, released on February 4, 1980, through Sire Records. The album was the band's first produced by Phil Spector, though he had offered the band his assistance earlier in their career. With Spector fully producing the album, it was the first release that excluded original member Tommy Ramone, who in 1978 left the band but produced their previous album ''Road to Ruin'' . Spector used more advanced standards of engineering, such as high-quality overdubbing and echo chambers. These methods caused conflict between the band and Spector, since much of the recording used techniques that opposed those the Ramones had previously used. Spector emphasized the production value as well, working with a budget of around $200,000. The songs on ''End of the Century'' were written primarily to expand the band's fan-base, straying from the band's original punk genre and steering toward a more pop oriented sound. The lyrics on the album deal with various different things, ranging from drug addictions to the band's lifestyle while touring. The album also features a cover of The Ronettes' piece "Baby, I Love You," as well as successors to previous Ramones songs "Judy Is a Punk" and "Havana Affair." It received generally positive reviews from critics, though many reviewers deemed it to be less enjoyable compared to the band's previous releases. Despite this, the album is the highest charting Ramones album of all time, reaching number 44 on the US ''Billboard'' 200 chart, and number 14 on the UK Albums Chart. ''End of the Century'' spawned the singles "Baby, I Love You" and "Do You Remember Rock 'n' Roll Radio?." The album's title is taken from a couplet repeated in the first track "Do You Remember Rock 'n' Roll Radio?": ''"It's the end, the end of the seventies / It's the end, the end of the century."'' ==Recording and production== In February 1977 after attending a Ramones concert in Los Angeles, music producer Phil Spector offered to assist in fabricating ''Rocket to Russia''. The band declined his offer, feeling as though the album would not be the same without Tommy Ramone and Tony Bongiovi producing the album.〔〔Ramone 2012, ch. 3.〕 While the band refused his initial offer, they later asked Spector to help with the album because of their lack of popularity and sales. ''End of the Century'' would be the first album released without former drummer and producer Tommy.〔 Spector had become famous through his work with The Ronettes, The Righteous Brothers, Ike and Tina Turner, The Beatles and John Lennon, among others. With these releases, Spector defined what would become known as the "Wall of Sound," which is dense, layered, and reverberant sound that came across well on AM radio and jukeboxes. These standards are created through instruments performing identical parts in unison, using high-quality overdubbing and echo chambers to aid in the production value.〔〔Ribowsky, Mark. ''He's a Rebel''. Cambridge, MA: Perseus, 2007.〕 The producer was convinced that the Ramones had talent with lyrics and musical structure, so he intended to promote the band through more advanced methods of sound output.〔Ramone 2012, ch. 5.〕 Recording sessions for the album began on May 1, 1979 at Gold Star Studios in Hollywood, Los Angeles. Gold Star Studios had become famous through its history with artists like Eddie Cochran and the Beach Boys.〔True 2005, p. 136.〕 At the Ramones' request, Ed Stasium helped with the album's engineering. During the studio work, Spector's recording methods were different from those the Ramones were accustomed to from their four previous studio albums. The band recorded their earlier compositions in the shortest time possible for the lowest feasible budget, with a relatively low production value. With ''End of the Century'', the band experienced Spector's infamous perfectionism, and a budget of $200,000 to fully record and produce the album.〔True 2005, p. 145.〕 This is significant because the band's debut album took $6,400 total, and their second album took $10,000.〔Leigh 2009, p. 128.〕〔Porter 2004, p. 75.〕 ''End of the Century'' is the most expensive album in the Ramones' career.〔Porter 2004, p. 104.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「End of the Century」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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